التربية والتعليم

ABSTRACT The study aims at finding : 1- the standard of teachers' self-esteem ; 2- the differences in teachers' self – esteem according to the variables (gender , major , experience) ; 3- teachers' attitudes towards students ; 4- the differences in teachers' attitudes towards students according to the variables (gender , major , experience) ; and 5- the relationship between self-esteem and attitudes . The present study confines itself to the male and female teachers of the secondary school in the center of Baquba – the capital city of Diyala province – the academic year 2006-2007. The theoretical background is devoted to the theories that deals with the self-esteem and it adopts Roger's theory . As regards the theories of attitudes , the study adopts the Behavioral Theory . This chapter also surveys a number of Arab and foreign studies that are related to the variables of the study (self – esteem and attitudes) . For attaining the aims of the study , two measures have been built ; one for measuring teachers' self – esteem and the other for the teachers' attitudes towards students . The psycho - metric features of these two measures have been fulfilled ; the validity has been attained through (content and construction) . The self-esteem reliability was 0.79 through retest method , and 0.83 by following Gronbach Alpha method for Innwe Harmony . The reliability of teachers' attitudes toward students was 0.77 through retest method and 0.81by using Gronbach Alpha method . The statistical means used in the present study were : the second test for the same sample , T-test for two separate samples , person correlative variable , and Gronbach Alpha . The findings revealed : 1- The teachers enjoy high self – esteem . 2- There are significant differences in teachers' self-esteem according to the variable (gender) on the favor of males . 3- There are no differences in teachers self-esteem according to the variable (major) . 4- There are differences in teachers self-esteem according to the variable (experience) for the favor of the teachers who have experience of more than 10 years . 5- The teachers have positive attitudes towards students . 6- There are no differences in teachers' attitudes that are attributed to the (gender) variable . 7- There are difference in teachers' attitudes in reference to the experience on the favor of the teachers and major . 8- There is correlative relationship between teachers' self-esteem and their attitudes towards students . In the light of the finding of the present study , a number of recommendation and suggestions have been put forward .

How to design lesson entrance systemic and constructivist learning model: Introduction: Familiarized themselves with the literature of scientific research and previous studies in designing teaching systemic, found there are a lot of designs, for the purpose of the study will display one form in which we discussed this later.

The problem of the study was determined by the following main question: What are the attitudes of teachers and supervisors towards using electronic learning for teaching Mathematics at intermediate schools in Makkah?. From this main question emerged the following sub questions: ١- What are the attitudes of teachers and supervisors towards designing Mathematics syllabus by using the electronic learning in teaching Mathematics at intermediate stage at the education of Holy Makkah? ٢- What are the attitudes of teachers and supervisors towards the role of teacher by using the electronic learning in teaching Mathematics at intermediate stage at the education of Holy Makkah? ٣- What are the attitudes of teachers and supervisors towards the role of student by using the electric learning in teaching Mathematics at intermediate school at the education of Holy Makkah? ٤- What are the attitudes of teachers and supervisors towards the suitable methods of teaching by using the electronic learning in teaching Mathematics at intermediate school at the education of Holy Makkah? ٥- What are the attitudes of teachers and supervisors towards styles of assessment of pupils by using the electronic learning in teaching Mathematics at intermediate school at the education of Holy Makkah? ٦- What are the attitudes of teachers and supervisors towards components of class environment by using the electronic learning in teaching Mathematics at intermediate stage at the education of Holy Makkah? The objectives of the study : the study aimed at recognizing the following : ١- Attitudes of teachers and supervisors towards designing Mathematics syllabus by using the electronic learning in teaching Mathematics at intermediate stage at the education of Holy Makkah . ٢- Attitudes of teachers and supervisors towards the role of teacher by using the electronic learning in teaching Mathematics at intermediate stage at the education of Holy Makkah . ٣- Attitudes of teachers and supervisors towards the role of student by using the electric learning in teaching Mathematics at intermediate school at the education of Holy Makkah . ٤- Attitudes of teachers and supervisors towards the suitable methods of teaching by using the electronic learning in teaching Mathematics at intermediate school at the education of Holy Makkah . ٥- Attitudes of teachers and supervisors towards styles of assessment of pupils by using the electronic learning in teaching Mathematics at intermediate school at the education of Holy Makkah . ٦- Attitudes of teachers and supervisors towards components of class environment by using the electronic learning in teaching Mathematics at intermediate stage at the education of Holy Makkah . To a achieve these objectives, the researcher wrote a theoretical frame of the study where dimensions were determined on the light of the questions of the study , and involved attitudes of the teachers towards designing Mathematics' syllabus , teachers role , learners role , components of class environment , the suitable methods of assessment , by using the electronic learning . The method of the study: The researcher used the descriptive method because it was the most suitable method for attaining the actual dimensions of the study . The population and the sample of the study: The population was all teachers and supervisors who worked at schools during the First term of ( ١٤٢٨-AH ) ٢٠٠٧ AD. The tools of the study: The researcher used a questionnaire tool for collecting the needed data on the bases of the questions of the study. The most important results of the study: The research reached the following results: a. Attitudes of teachers and supervisors towards designing Mathematics' syllabus by using the electronic learning in teaching Mathematic were ( high ). b. Attitudes of teachers and supervisors towards the role of teaching by using the electronic learning in teaching Mathematics were ( high ). c. Attitudes of teachers and supervisors towards the role of pupils by using the electronic learning in teaching Mathematics were ( high ). d. Attitudes of teachers and supervisors towards the suitable methods by using the electronic learning teaching Mathematics were ( high ). e. Attitudes of teachers and supervisors towards the components of class environment by using the electronic learning in teaching Mathematics were ( high ). On the bases of the results of the study, the researcher recommended the following recommendations: a. The importance of training teachers before joining the service and during the service on using the methods of teaching depending upon the electronic learning. b. The important of training supervisors during service on using the methods of teaching depending upon the electronic learning c. The importance of training the principals during service on how to prepare the suitable environment that helps in schools using the methods of teaching depending upon the electronic learning. d. The importance to activate the role of computer and modern technology in the methods of learning at intermediate stage generally and in Mathematics' syllabus particularly

The study aimed at recognition of the problems of the assistant head teachers in the UNRWA schools in Gaza governorates from their point of views and showing variable effects: sex, number of service years, educational stage, in their estimation of the problems that they face in their work. Besides offering recommendations which contribute to treat these problems. The researcher has followed in his study the analytic descriptive approach. His study sample consisted of all assistant head teacher in the UNRWA schools in Gaza governorates in the second term from school year 2005/2006, their total number is (157) assistant head teachers, (115) male and(42) female. For the study purposes, the researcher prepared a questionnaire that consisted of (59) item, distributed to three dimensions. The tasks of the attitudes of the assistant head teachers (9) items , matters related to the atmosphere of an assistant head teacher work is (20) items. For the verification of the stability of the study tool the researcher checks its validity and stability when he got a result that gave him trust in his study tool , but processing data statically was done throughout (Spss) , extracting arithmetic mean, percentage and (T- test). The issue of the study has got the following results: 1-The most important problems that face assistant head teachers from their point of view in the relief agency schools in Gaza governorates are : a- Problems in relation with tasks and authorized of an assistant head teacher, where these problems are about the ambiguity of the job classification of the assistant head teachers. This caused more work burdens for him and eliminating this freedom to practice authorities inside the schools. b- Problems in relation with training process on assistant head teachers tasks as non – consideration of the agency of assistant head teachers, needs and wishes at the presentation of the training material or the choice of training techniques. In addition to the relative weakness of the benefit from this program of weakness of some training staff individual. ح c- Problems in relation with the atmosphere of an assistant head teacher's work. Weakness of the headmaster's welcome with his presence with him in the school and non preparation of the suitable circumstances to perform his work properly. In addition to the limitation of his role in the school, they are matters that can be returned in its majority to the non presence of clear job classification for the assistant head teachers. 2- There are no significant statistical differences for any variable sex, the number of year service, educational stage, to the assistant head teachers agency in Gaza governorates for the problems that they face in their work. The study recommended the following: 1. Preparing a clear job description for the assistant head teachers. 2. Preparing a good care for a special training program for the assistant head teachers in the school according to the subjects, or the circumstances for the implementation or the cadre in process of training. 3. Creating a suitable atmosphere for assistant head teacher to do his job well.