التربية والتعليم

" The total quality management status in the Palestinian universities and ways of developing it from the the heads of the academic departments point of view in Gaza Strip universities " This study aimed at approaching the current status of the total quality management in the Palestinian universities in Gaza Strip and the ways of developing it through answering the following questions :- ·What is the present status of the total quality management in the Palestinian universities from the heads of the academic departments points of view ? · Are there any differences in the evaluation of the head of academic departments to the status of quality management according to the type of faculty they work at? · Are there any differences in the evaluation of the head of academic departments to the status of quality management according to the university they work at? ·What are the ways of developing the total quality management in the Palestinian universities ? To achieve the aims of the study , the researcher followed the descriptive analytical approach . He designed a questionnaire consisted of fifty-one items divided into six dimensions as follow the university management quality , Rules and Regulations quality , focusing on the beneficeres quality , evaluation quality , continuions improvement quality and the social services quality . -The questionnaire was distributed to all the heads of the academic departments (eighty-four heads) in Gaza Strip universities, seventy – five responded to the questionnaire . -To analyize the data of , the researcher used the statistical package for social studies (sp ss) . He came out the following س statistics , percentage , average, S.D and one way Analysis of variance . The study revealed the following results · The status of the total quality management in Gaza Strip's universities ( the Islamic University , AL Azhar University and Al Aqsa University ) hasn’t reached the minimum average of the standards of the quality in the international universities . The total percentage of the three universities reached %67.44 . · There were difference of statistical significance in favour for the Islamic University among the averages of the heads of the academic departments evaluation of the status of the total quality management . · There were no difference of statistical significance amony averages of the evaluation of the respondants amony the three universities. related to the nature of the faculty (scientific, humanistic ). The researcher recommends the following · The three universities managements in general , and Al azhar and Al Aqsa universities in particular , should pay more attention to the application of the factors of the total quality management . · The universities should adapt a comprehensive view for the process of management updating and reforming , depending on the strategic planning based on the advanced management thoughts . · Universities employees should be trained on the total quality management activities . · Focus should be given on the quality of the educational surrounding and contents . · Universities should adapt the comprehensive evaluation periodically and continuously . ع · Increasing the effectiveness of Palestinian University towards serving the Palestinian society.

This study aimed at identifying how to develop the secondary school head teachers' skills in the strategic planning field in Gaza Governates through answering the main following question: How can we develop the secondary Schools head teachers' skills in the strategic planning field in Gaza Governates? It also aimed at answering the following sub-questions: ‐ What is the degree of the secondary school head teachers' practice for strategic planning skills in Gaza Governates? ‐ Does the degree of the secondary school head teachers' estimations for practising strategic planning skills vary according to gender, study qualification , years of experience and the educational district from their perspectives? ‐ What are the ways of developing the secondary school head teachers' skills in the strategic planning field in Gaza Governates In addition , the study tried to verify the following hypothesis: 1. There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level ( 0.05 ≥ α ) in the degree of the secondary schools head teachers' estimations for practising strategic planning skills, from their perspectives due to the ( sex factor, study qualification, years of experience, educational district ). The researcher used the analytical descriptive method to suit this kind of studies in describing the phenomenon related to the study subject and diagnosing its data and showing the relation between its components. The study population consisted of ( 117 ) head teachers ( males and females ). 110 of them have retuned the questionnaires, which were equivalent to 94 % of the sample. ص One questionnaire was designed which consisted of 58 items , distributed into four areas to the subject of the study. The questionnaire was presented to a group of specialized refrees to ensure the validity and reliability. The research tool was applied on , a pilot sample that consisted of 30 head teachers of the study population. The researcher used the SPSS statiscal system for social studies to analyze the participants' responses. Through analyzing the participants' responses , the researcher has found the following results: 1- The proportional weight for the degree of the secondary schools head teachers' practising for school mission formation skill was ( 88.69 % ). 2- The proportional weight for the degree of the secondary schools head teachers' practising for school vision formation was ( 85.62 % ). 3- The proportional weight for the degree of the secondary schools head teachers' practising for school internal environment analysis was ( 83.26 %). 4- The proportional weight for the degree of the secondary schools head teachers' practising for school external environment analysis was ( 79.65 % ). Concerning the study variables the study showed the following: 1. There are statistically significant differences among the average of all respondents, concerning the first and the third fields of the questionnaire, attributable to gender variable in favour of females. 2. There are no statistically significant differences among the average of all respondents, concerning the second and the fourth fields of the questionnaire, attributable to gender variable. 3. There are no statistically significant differences among the average of all respondents, concerning all the questionnaire ذ 4. fields , attributable to study qualification , years of experience and educational district. In the light of the study results , the researcher recommended a set of recommendations : 1. The Ministry of Education (M.O.E) should reappraise the traditional administrative methods and systems and start to use the strategic planning to help the schools acclimate with its internal and external environments . 2. The (M.O.E) should hold many training courses continuously, concerning the strategic planning and the strategic thinking. 3. To form a strategic planning unit for each school, included members of the stuff and overheaded by the head teacher. They should be qualified administratively according to the strategic planning mechanism and the future vision to imbalance between the factual position and the desired one. 4. To form a quality and supervision unit including members of the stuff and overheaded by the head teacher who must be qualified and specialized in measuring the individual performance. 5. The ( M.O.E ) should provide the schools with the required tangible and manpower capabilities, to implement the strategic planning in the school. 6. Head teachers should reinforce the social participation in the school strategic planning process, to achieve the desired objectives and comply the local society needs.

Abstract The method of teaching is considered as an important factor of the curriculum, it is the link between students and educational content, and it is the effective element in arrangement educational process, as well as it is the effective step to continue the continued renaissance of scientific and technological and stir students thinking to have the ability to solve problems of educational and life, then to improve their level of academic achievement in general and chemistry in particular, and because of that importance has emerged as a result of studies and research, educational and psychological variety of teaching methods suited to the learning environment, the new methods aims to improve the style of scientific thoughts by students and their self participating of learning to fit with the targets of modern education, it is the interest with all sided of educated personality. And because of the importance of Chemistry subject in all practical sides of life and to prepare students scientifically, intellectually and educationally, and because it is theoretical and practical material at the same time, so the study of Chemistry and educated it need to educating methods able to induce the students to follow the scientific method in solving scientific and life problems as a way to train students in treating problems they face and living in a scientific and arrangement manner. From here the programmed oriented as strategy as problem solving, which is characterized by its six steps, the selection of researcher to achieve its research aims., so research aims to build a educational plan represented by strategic steps of oriented program for raising the level of students achievement and their scientific thinking, the current problem of research summarized by the following: " Is their effectiveness for programmed Oriented as Strategy to Problem Solving in achievement of second intermediate grade in Chemistry and their Scientific thinking" Based on what mentioned above the research has the following two goals: 1- Effectiveness of programmed Oriented as Strategy to Problem Solving in the achievement of second intermediate -graders average in chemistry 2- Effectiveness of programmed Oriented as Strategy to Problem Solving into scientific thinking for students of the second intermediate grade in chemistry. To achieve these two goals, researcher put the two following thesis: -There is no difference statistically significant at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students taught according to the strategy- oriented programmer, and the average score for the control group students taught according to the traditional way in achievement test. - There is no difference statistically significant at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students taught according to the strategy-oriented programmer, and the average score for the control group students taught according to the traditional way of scientific thinking. -The research experience in second –term in Sunday (21/2/2010) and ended in Thursday (29/4/2010) on the second intermediate -grades in Omer bin Abdul Aziz Intermediate school, chosen by the researcher is intently , as the sample consists of two sections of the second graders average (c,a). selected randomly and chosen from the sides of (calculated age of time , IQ Raven, the degree of test half of the year in chemistry, test the previous information in chemistry, and the degree of scientific thinking test). The experimental group represented(32) students studied according to the strategy-oriented programmer, and a control group consisting of (31) students studied in the usual way. Experience applied in the second part of academic year (2009-2010), scientific material was identified by the (fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth) from the book of chemistry for the second intermediate grade lesson plans were prepared for the two groups of research (experimental and control) and number (20) a teaching plan for each of the two groups of search, the researcher taught by himself the two groups of research, at the end of studying year, the research made two tests for the two groups represented by: 1- Achievement test prepared by the researcher to measure student achievement in chemistry after it has been verified reality and steadfastness and find Al –sychometer characteristics of its items, it is applied on two groups of research on Sunday 02/05/2010 2- Scientific thinking test adopted by the researcher and designed by (Zahawi, 2001), for the purpose of measuring the scientific thinking for students of the two groups of research, having been verified by reality and steadfastness and find properties Al –sychometer characteristics of its items, it is applied on two groups of research Monday,( 05/03/2010). The used calculation of statistical methods in the search was made manually and automatically by the statistical program SPSS. Included statistical The statistical methods calculation includes mean average, standard deviation, the t-test for two independent unequal groups, Cord- Richardon -20 equation, equations of equivalents discriminate, and the difficulty factors and effectiveness of alternatives the wrong test items. The results of research showed that the excel of experimental group students than on students of control group retest achievement in difference statistically significant at the level of significance( 0.05). as well as the excel of experimental group on control group in test of scientific thought in statistical significance at the (0.05). Thus researcher conclude that there was a positive effect for the use of programmed Oriented as Strategy to Problem Solving in achievement and scientific thinking in chemistry subject. According at these results, the researcher submits some of the recommendations to take in consideration the programmer-oriented strategy to Problem Solving in the teaching of science subjects for different stages of learning and interest in scientific thinking in the curricula of science is to take advantage in their daily lives. As a complement of the current research, the researcher suggests further studies dealt with the application programmed Oriented as Strategy to Problem Solving on the other stages of the study in chemistry especially and other general science generally, besides, made comparative study between programmed Oriented as Strategy to Problem Solving and other learning methods and styles of study.

Dr. / Saad Abbas al-Janabi. ================ ((Building a program of teaching unit in physics with the Systemic Approach and Theory of learning hierarchy for Gagne. And their application in teaching)). Introduction: Subjects are taught in a "systemic approach (the effectiveness of the portal and systemic model for the hierarchical theory of learning Gagne). According to the steps followed by the art teacher, according to the concepts and themes established by his choice in appropriate circumstances. Have been proposed: • subject of the proposed teaching physics: The first chapter of the text book third class secondary school. (Circular motion and rotational motion). How to start teaching and learning of concepts and subjects associated with it? Definition of the concept: Concept known as: (Merrill & Tennyson, and Atoum and others). Which specifically addressed the concept and the definition that: "Mental image of a group of things to countless, characterized by common traits and characteristics, and Can be expressed by a word or more." Where the concepts and the subject addressed in two parts: Is to identify some of the terminology and issues related to (movement or sleep the body to another body. And the types of linear motion and circular and rotational) briefed on the course (the third class secondary physics) and some references in the field of jurisdiction, and by identifying the most important concepts related to the subject.