الإدارة العامة

The aim of this study which was conducted on the Construction Sector in Gaza Strip was to explore the reality of the strategic planning in the construction companies in light of the clarity of it’s scientific concept, it’s significance, the degree of implementation and use, also the participation involvement in setting strategic plans and ability to adapt with their internal and external changing environment to be considered. This study relied mainly on both the analytical descriptive and the field study methods, where a special questionnaire was designed and distributed on a sample of "200" construction company, therefore, a full comprehensive survey was adopted. A "150" questionnaire out of "200' were retrieved – excluding the "28" questionnaire of the pilot study- and were processed and analyzed by using the SPSS software application "for the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences", including frequencies, Percentile Values, Means, Person correlation and One- Way ANOV. The outcomes of the study showed that "64.5%" of the construction companies' managers do not realize the whole scientific concept of strategic planning, but do have a positive opinion towards the advantages of it. In addition, the various use of the available resources also indicate the same. The hypothesis tests results showed that there is no significant indication between: the concept, importance, uses of strategic planning and a control of the management over the available resources, due to some personal and organizational variables, at α 0.05, Except for some elements. Also, there is no significant indication between: the concept of strategic planning and its use, and a significant indication between the use of strategic planning and realization of its importance, and between the companies ability to adapt with their internal and external changing environment, and between achievement of the dialog between the difference administrative levels, and between control of the management on the available resources. All these relation were found significant relationship toward strategic planning. Finally, the study recommended the necessity of starting up with the use of strategic planning as an administrative tool to help these companies to adapt with their internal and external environments, also to provide more training courses for top management on strategic management and planning, and to emphasize on the sharing principle when setting strategic plans, where different administrative levels are involved

The research consisted of six chapters, the first one handled:- the study’s general framework that cane at the beginning of this chapter as a preface for addressing the problem reflected in the effort to answer the following question . - How could we develop the career path for education departments’ administrators at the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ? in order to answer for this question , the researcher tried to answer the following sub questions : 1- what is the nature of the relationship between education departments and the career path for their administrators? in light of the administrative efficiency 2- what is the nature of the relationship between the education departments and career path for their administrators in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ? 3- what are the strength and weakness aspects in this reality? in comparison to Administrative efficiency ? 4- what is the proposed perception for the System of career path for departments’ administrators at the kingdom of Saudi Arabia which many achieve efficiency for these departments? Also, general review for earlier studies was made in this chapter and which searched in the same subject, in order to use them in the following chapters. And limitations of the study for the present research at the Kingdome of Saudi Arabia were defined as spatial limitation and represents the study’s sample for the overall community of the study, and includes 42 education province ( 13 public province in the regions, 29 educational department at governorates). Also, the study’s methodology, resources, instruments, terms, follow-up plan all would be defined in the following chapters: The second chapter treated: the effectiveness of educational administrator and career path for their administrators ( theoretical framework) In this chapter, a general review has been made for the – nature of administrator efficiency including its essence, principles, determinants, and measurement as well as the administrative efficiency for education in respect to its goals, bases, and characteristics. The system of career path, including stages, officials, and career path planning was reviewed . The third chapter has treated: educational administrator and career path for its administrators at the Kingdome of Saudi Arabia (a theoretical study). This chapter has treated the establishment of education administration lament, its development, and the organization for education departments, and their problems. The current situations of the administrators of education departments was review in respect to the preparing , quality, and requirements of a job , choosing , preparing, and career tasks were reviewed, as well as the system of career path in relation to the stages , officials , and career path planning. The fourth chapter handled education departments and the career path for administrators in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ( a field study ) . To complete the data and information which the researcher couldn’t get through the theoretical study, the researcher used two tools in the field study : first : personal interview , where the researcher conducted these interviews to collect a large sum of information and data that cannot be obtained except through interviewing the officials who constitute the higher leaders , the interview’s questions were about the points contained in the questionnaire to find a prescription for education departments and career path for their administrators at the kingdom of Saudi Arabia through a field – study , aiming at determining the strengths and weaknesses in education departments and career path. Second : Questionnaire applied on a group of educational administrator and the questionnaire questions were about the following points: The goals, bases, and characteristics of effectiveness and .the aspects of the career path in respect to the stages of the career path, the officials of the career path, and planning for the career path. In this light, the–validity and stability of the efficiency of education departments and career path for their administrators were investigated by the appropriate statistical method and applying them on the study’s sample , then analyzing data and arriving to a number of results . The fifth chapter has treated: an evaluative study for the weakness of career path organism for the administrator of education administration departments at the kingdom of Saudi Arabia from the point of the system of career path for the education departments administrators in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia was evaluated , then the opinion of experts in the weaknesses aspects in the system of fictional course and suggestions to overcome them and to arrive to the – requirements of implementing the propositions was reviewed . While the sixth chapter was concerned with introducing a proposed perception for the system of career path for education managers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia . and in light of the earlier weaknesses , the bases for the proposed perception were treated , then describing the components of the system of career path, then the treatment of general recommendations and the obstacles to applying the proposed perception , the ways to overcome them , and finally the proposed studies and researches were treated

This study aimed to recognize the actual Administrative Quality at the Palestinian Universities according to the Administrators' perception, and the ways of developing it by answering the main question of the study: What is the actual Administrative Quality at the Palestinian Universities according to the Administrators' perception, and the ways of developing it? To answer the questions of the study the researcher used the analytic descriptive method to make it adequate for the subject of the study. The society of the study combined of all personnel who have positions as (Academic Administrators- Administrators) at the four Palestinian Universities in Gaza Governorates; (Al-Azhar – The Islamic – Al-Aqsa – Al-Quds Open University), 280 persons for the academic year (2007/2008), 227 persons responded with a proportion of (81.1%) of the study society. To achieve the goals of the study, the researcher designed a questionnaire as an instrument for the study. It consists of (71) paragraphs, distributed among (7) fields related to the subject of the study (Administrative leadership, Strategic Planning of Quality, Administrative Quality Culture, Human Resources Administration, Administrative Data System, Observation and Quality Assurance, Beneficial Satisfaction) . The questionnaire was shown to (16) arbitrators, truth and fixation of the questionnaire was assured by applying it on a questionnaire sample consisting of (30) persons, that is before applying it on the study sample. The researcher used (SPSS) program of social studies to analyze the responses of the persons of the sample. Through these responses, the study came of many conclusions, the most important of them are: 1- The conclusion of the study showed that the total average of Administrative Quality abundance degree at the Palestinian Universities in Gaza Governorates in fields of the study instruments of the persons of the sample reached (3.49) with a proportion weight (69.8%) with great abundance degree. a- The conclusion showed that the Administrative data system field obtained the first rate of a mathematical average (3.92) and a proportion weight (78.4%) with great abundance degree. ط b- The conclusion showed that the leadership field obtained the second rate with a mathematical average (3.66), with a proportion weight (73.2%) with great abundance degree. c- The conclusion showed that the strategic planning field of Quality obtained third rate, with a mathematical average (3.65), with a proportion weight (73.0%) with great abundance degree. d- The conclusion showed that the Administrative Quality culture field obtained the fourth rate with a mathematical average (3.45), with a proportion weight (69.0%) with great abundance degree. e- The conclusion showed that the observation and Quality assurance field obtained the fifth rate with a mathematical average (3.38), with a proportion weight (67.6%) with a middle abundance degree. f- The conclusion showed that the beneficial satisfaction field obtained the sixth rate with a mathematical average (3.36), and a proportional weight (67.2%), with a middle abundance degree. g- The conclusion showed that the beneficial satisfaction field obtained the seventh rate with a mathematical average (3.34) with a proportional weight (66.8%) with a middle abundance degree. 2- There are differences with a statistic indication at the level (0.05≥α ) among the estimations of the averages of the persons of the Administrators sample in the Administrative Quality abundance at the Palestinian Universities revert to the change of the University (Al-Azhar – The Islamic – Al-Aqsa – Al-Quds Open University) revert to the interest of the Al- Quds Open University and The Islamic University. 3- There are no differences with a statistic indications at the level (0.05≥α ) among the estimations of the averages of the persons of the Administrators sample in the Administrative Quality at the Palestinian Universities revert to the changes of the study (Vocational Position, Qualifications, Years of service). On the light of these conclusions, the researcher came to several recommendations, the most important of them are: 1- Creating deanery of Quality and developing affairs to activate applying a comprehensive Administrative Quality at the Universities. 2- Deepening and increasing the approach of the Administrative Quality understanding of the Administrative leader and the workers at the Palestinian higher education institutions through their participation. 3- Participating personnel in the strategic planning for Quality and benefiting from their experiences to obtain a distinguished Administrative performance which achieves a compelative distinction for the University in a short time. ظ 4- Preparing an Administrative guide-book in the University, explaining the vocational description to every employee and how to undertake the Administrative work executions. 5- Enlarging participating circle in taking decisions by Quality rings, and giving the authorities and ability to the personnel in the Administrative faculties and departments. 6- Investing the human resources and providing specialized training programs of vocational development for the Administrators and workers at the University. 7- Putting forward an observatory system from outside the University to achieve it, and to make sure of applying the Administrative Quality in all Administrative executions and operations in the University faculties and departments

The present study aims to explore determinants of entrepreneurial behavior from perspective of social theory. It is based on model notions of (Tyler & Blader, 2003) which have focused on studying role of positively personal and social identity in motivating employees to practicing desired behavior which serves the organization in which they work. Based on these notions and previous literature, study model were built. This model explains the relationship between status judgments (perceived internal respect and perceived external prestige) and entrepreneurial behavior. It includes three main hypotheses. The first and second hypothesis are concerning the relationship between status judgments and entrepreneurial behavior while the third hypothesis pays attention to test role of perceived external prestige as moderator variable for relationship between perceived internal respect and entrepreneurial behavior. Data collected from sample included three colleges of AL-Qadisiyah university which is consisted (152) employees. After extraction findings, number of meaningful conclusions and recommendations were formulated