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The Univers and Elementary Particles in Physic Foreword: Related to particle physics basic fundamental constituents of matter and their interactions, which was completed in the past few decades enormous amount of empirical information accumulated, and many patterns, and a competent methodology ,which developed theories were observed mathematically proven successful and distinctive with respect to magnetic interactions and the weak and the strong. Has developed these theories tested and high mathematical formulas. , And which are collectively known as the standard model or standard Standard Model Theory, and gave almost certainly correct description of the nature, and rounding first, and reached down to measure the distance (1000/1) of the size of the nucleus of an atom. There are also conflicting. There are encouraging developments to try to unite these interactions in its basic framework, despite being simple, even for a merge gravity Alkmoah in or parameter (the theory include everything). In this issue we highlight the ways in which they have been organizing information, and outline for the standard model and its extensions possible.

Dr / Saad Abbas al-Janabi. ((Astronomical coordinate systems)) Introduction: To designate the location of any object in space individually, must require a three-digit number, considering that the three-dimensional space. These figures correspond to the length, width and height. For example, we learned from the school, had a system of coordinates, it is clear that there are in numerable possibilities of introduction of the coordinate system coordinate system in space. In practice, it is best astronomy and other sciences dealing with specific systems, which will be described here. And called the numbers that belong to a site or point, name the coordinates of the point coordinates. Usually , we use Cartesian coordinates and satisfaction in transactions in the normal every day purposes the dimensions of length, width and height. Measured from a reference point or a point called the origin (three vectors perpendicular to each other. Or, rather, are the three straight lines called axes and angles, including menus, axes are traditionally gives a sense of trends for x, y, p. Or: (\\\\\\\"X\\\\\\\", \\\\\\\"Y\\\\\\\", \\\\\\\"Z\\\\\\\",). Axes so that the positive direction of the left of the window rectangle. Choose all from the point of origin and axes in the (space). Located every two axes in the standard, although the formation of the coordinates of the three levels in this way represents the feature coordinate system. And sometimes called levels: (X-Y, X-Z, Y-Z.). If possible, measure the position of an object in the same lead in every direction, the system of Cartesian coordinates to be very practical. For example, in many processes, in astronomy, can be measured in the direction of the observer, or land, or even the solar system, where the object to be measured accurately is good, and often at a distance is well known. This is a better measure trends, semi-straight lines from the origin, angles starting from the reference axes, or frames of reference. Can be located in space beyond and by its direction from the reference point, I mean, out of frame of reference set. Direction in space is given by two angles, along with the distance, any three numbers to specify the location. It can take these numbers as a three coordinates, which is called the spherical coordinates spherical coordinate system.

Saad AlJanabi Holland University / DenHaag Research in physics / astronomy. ============================================== measurement of Mass Star To discuss the issue of measurement the mass of star is probably difficult, and the reason is due to the lack of being able to do the work of micro-precision computational results required, in view of the way in which grows by the star and even die. The scientists and researchers think the way that can be calculated mass of the star, which gives results accurate to denounce mass star. We can account by the mass of the sun by which it's effectuation amount of gravity on Earth. We also do not know whether other stars have the planets, as is the case of the sun. Or not? There are a lot of stars groupes are Constellations bilateral, and studies show that more than one third of the stars of this kind in the solar space. Th recipe rotation with orbite of hi e axis of rotation of the stars bilateral one on the other, and naturally, the dark star is rotating about Shining Star, which is a source for him. The star can be monitored in the accompanying with his sun at the same time .

Physics are the most important part of the background information for many of the sciences, and their links with other scientific knowledge, particularly the progress that has happened in this area in the world. Has increased the influence of the physical sciences who are seeking and looking forward to the specialized knowledge. It is clear to all of the students, familiar with the content and building the curriculum, that students of physics are the dilemma, and that the motivation to learn physics will decrease with time, although the level of the results of physical tests increase more Degradation year after year among students in the physical sciences. And because of the shock that they face during the performance of the method of physical science and thier entering first year university, of the gap between that might previously studied in the preliminary stages and Mainasabha in the current phase (the university). In the view of many scientists that it must develop teaching methods and learning and appropriate to these challenges, effective and modern methods.