علم النفس

The present study problem aimed at developing secondary stage students' writing performance through using some metacognitive strategies. A matrix of writing performance skills was developed. A list of the writing performance skills required for the secondary stage students was prepared. A questionnaire was developed so as to define the important topics the students liked to write about. Two tests were prepared to measure writing performance skills (expressive and functional). The suggested program for enhancing the students' writing performance through using some metacognition strategies was designed. Arabic language teachers' manual was developed. The two writing performance tests, as well as writing processes rating rubric, were administered as a pre-application and as a post- application. The statistical treatment was carried out, the findings were interpreted and the recommendations were suggested. The present study revealed that the suggested program was effective in developing the second year secondary stage students' expressive writing, the skills of each one of the three writing processes (planning, writing, revision), the processes and skills of letter writing, the processes and skills of filling-in forms, the processes and skills of summarization, and finally, the students' awareness of the three writing processes. Based on these results, the recommendations were suggested. The following are some of them: 1- Writing skills curriculum should start from the primary stage and continues to the secondary stage. 2- Objective assessment tools should be provided in order to score the students' writings accurately and objectively. 3- Training courses for Arabic language teachers and supervisors should be held to train them on the use of metacognitive strategies in teaching writing performance skills.

Introduction : This study is an attempt to be a link in the link between allocated psychology and political science, it is looking for political participation in the psychological dimension to the policy community to enjoy in their daily lives, which makes them fall under the Political Psychology. The importance : The importance of the study lies in its attempt to know the relationship between each of the self-esteem and political participation among a sample of Palestinian society but they are university students, the difficult political conditions of the existence of the Israeli occupation and try to get rid of it compels us to examine the extent and effectiveness of community participation in the conduct of its affairs, value everyone in society is determined by its respect for the flag and its contribution to the conduct of things together, and also that the studies in the field of political psychology, which lies in the framework of this study few studies on the knowledge of the researcher, the researcher hopes to contribute to the study of a small brick in the edifice of political psychology. The Aims : Where lies the importance of the study are as follows : - Complete ongoing researchers in the field of political psychology, a new addition to the scientific research, to know and understand the problems of society and try to solve them. - Identify the nature of the relationship between self-esteem and political participation among university students in the variables of sex, economic and social levels, to know the psychological them. - As well as having failed to study self-esteem with political participation in the Palestinian environment, and to the knowledge of the researcher. Hypotheses: 1. There are no statistically significant relationship between self-esteem and political participation in the sample 2. There are no statistically significant differences in political participation due to self-esteem (low-high). 3. There are no statistically significant differences in political participation due to the sex of students (male-female). 4. There are no statistically significant differences in political participation attributable to the economic level of students (low-medium-high). 5. There are no statistically significant differences in self-esteem due to the sex of the students (male-female). 6. There are no statistically significant differences in self-esteem due to the economic level of students (low-medium-high). Sample: Selection of a simple random sample of students from the Rafah area educational Quads Open University provinces of Gaza, and the number of the sample (240) students, of whom responded to the study measurements (228) response rate of 95.0%, at (124), students (104) student, the average age of 23.44 years. Tools: Use the following tools researcher with the variables of the study : 1. Self-esteem inventory . 2. Political participation inventory . 3. Socio-economic Level form . Statistical Methods: The researcher used statistical methods following: 1. Correlation coefficients (Pearson) 2. Means and standard deviation. 3. T.Test. 4.Analysis of variance. 5. One-Way Anova. . The Results: Resulted in the most important results of the study as follows : 1. No statistically significant relationship between self-esteem and political participation in the sample. 2. No statistically significant differences in political participation due to self-esteem (low-high), meaning that the owners of high self-esteem and have the same low level of political participation. 3. There are statistically significant differences in political participation due to the sex of students (male-female), where she was in favor of males, they are more political participation by female students. 4. There are statistically significant differences in political participation attributable to the economic level of students (low-medium-high), the holders of high economic level are more political participation from middle and low. 5. No statistically significant differences between the two groups of middle grades male and female members of the study sample in self-esteem, as the students (male and female) have the same level of self-esteem. 6. There are statistically significant differences in self-esteem due to the economic level of students (low-medium-high), as the portable economic and social levels are more appreciative of themselves from the low - and middle-level Economic and Social Council.