التربية والتعليم

supervising, in addition to determine the age of acceptation in these Kindergarten , so the n umber of people joining these establishment has increased. Although the Non-government organization is important, there are several problems facing them, and the researcher has recognized these problems from different sources, these sources include the following: - 1- Other researches and studies which have shown than the Non-government organization suffer in constructing child establishment, shortage in financial mothers, low occupational levels of teachers, the building to that the play ground and educational device are unavailable. 2- The visits made by the researcher to Kindergarten and she noticed that Kindergarten s are randomly built with out any educational supervision or financial support, and inability of these Non-government organization to manage the kinder sorters, weak communication between Non-government organization and the capacity of buildings can not take all these numbers of children and finally low educational levels of teachers. These are some causes, which lead to performing this research the, management of Kindergarten following the Non-government organization in the current status is unsatisfactory, and the experience of Arab and foreign countries can be to use the levels of Kindergarten. Aims of the study The current study wants to achieve a main aim, which is utilizing the role of Non-government organization in the management of Kindergarten in Egypt according to the modern directions in each of the USA, England, Russia, and Saudi Arabia. Importance of the study 1- The study draws a spot light in the experience of USA, Saudi Arabia, England and Russia in the field of Non-government organization, which are concerned with raising and educating the child and how to use these experience and activities of Egyptian culture. 2- People concerned with Kindergarten in Egypt will benefit from what the research has researched from the utilizing mechanisms of Non-government organization efforts, this will help drawing developing Kindergarten. the study inquires These currents study and answer the following 1- What is the current vision of Non-government organization? 2- What is the of Non-government organization in the management of Kindergarten in the USA, England, Russia and Saudi Arabia? 3- What is the role of Non-government organization in the management of Kindergarten s in Egypt ? 4- What is the reality of Non-government organization performance in their role in the management of Kindergarten in Egypt? Method of the study The study has followed the analyzing descriptive method, as it is convenient to the future and aim of the study. Tools of the study The researcher has used so of the research tools as inquire, visits noticing and personal interviews, and she applied these tools to manager and teachers of Kindergarten. Limits of the study The current study depends only on the following limits 1- The nature of Non-government organization considering the idea and general and special, also the social, economic and educational importance. 2- A specimen of managers and teachers in the Non-government organization randomly chosen from Cairo, Alexandria, Assist and the New Valley as they resemble the Egyptian society according to the geographical distribution. 3- Children from 4-6 years. 4- Non-government organization concerned with raising the child. 5- Some of the manager properties which are the management from, managers of Kindergarten, the teachers the equipment, the financing. 6- Some of the countries, which are the USA, England, Russia and soda Arabia. Procedures of the study To answer the inquires of the study , the research performed the following steps: - To answer the first question about the current vision of Non-government organization the research made the made the second chapter especially for it, and the title of the first chapter is Non-government organization current vision, this chapter identified the Non-government organization their aims, their economic, social and educational importance as well as their importance in mankind development. And to answer the second question about the role of Non-government organization in the management of Kindergarten in each of USA, England. Russia and Soda Arabia which is " the role of Non-government organization in management of Kindergarten s in USA, England, and Soda Arabia where she described: a) The foundation of Non-government organization. b) The philosophy of Non-government organization. c) The conditions of an acceptation in Kindergarten . d) The educational role of Non-government organization in the management of Kindergarten. e) The management frame of Kindergarten : -  Mangers of Kindergarten .  Teachers of Kindergarten .  Financing the Kindergarten . The equipment. And to answer the third question about the role of the Non-government organization in the management of Kindergarten in Egypt, the research has specialized the fourth chapter the title of which is " management of Kindergarten in Egypt “ where she described: - (a) The identification of management in general and management of Kindergarten in special. (b) The main support for management of Kindergarten and the responsibility of each person in the management team. (c) The elements of management in detail considering the management frame, the managers of Kindergarten , the teachers, financial malteds, and equipment. To answer the fourth question about the reality of the Non-government organization performance and their role in the management of Kindergarten, the researcher specialized the fifth chapter the title of which is " field study " where she described: - (a) The reality which are Kindergarten going through considering the managers of Kindergarten, teachers, financial malteds and equipment. (b) Preparing an inquiry about the role of Non-government organization in the management of Kindergarten in Egypt considering participating and handicapping. (c) The inquiry was offered to a group to male judges to make sure it is scientifically true and performing the right changers according to their opinion. (d) Training the inquiry to the managers and teachers of Kindergarten in Non-government organization. (e) Estimate, explain and correct the results statistically. To answer the fifth question about getting benefit from the experience of USA, England, Russia and Saudi Arabia utilizing the role the Non-government organization in the management of Kindergarten s, the researcher has specialized the sixth chapter where she concluded the lessons learned from experience of the Arab and foreign countries, as well as from data and information to utilize the role of Non-government organization in management of Kindergarten s according to what is suitable for our Egyptian environment. Offering recommendation and suggestions according the research results. The study results  It is clearly shown according to the results that the Non-government organization do not perform their role in choosing the managers of Kindergarten based upon education qualification efficiency, or the personal characteristics.  Also the Non-government organization does not choose teachers according to the experience, educational and also do not perform personal interviews before assignment.  Also they do not use educational super visors to direct teachers of the Kindergarten and this is due to scarce financial malteds.  Also the result has shown that national Non-government organization do not provided the Kindergarten buildings according to educational qualifications.  National Non-government organization do not provide storing places to store the children tools and tools needed for activities; also they do not provide rooms to store the children clothes.  The results of the field study have shown that national Non-government organization do not receive financial aid from the government which means that the country does not help the national association in financial mothers also does not receive financial from other countries. Study Recommendations • Perform more practicing tournaments for the teachers of Kindergarten s during their duty. • The necessity of co- operation between national Non-government organization and education experts in Egypt. • Coordination of the efforts with national Non-government organization field of exchange development. • Increase the financial support of the national Non-government organization from the local leaders of private sector. • Increase the care of encouraging money for workers of the national Non-government organization. • It is necessary to declare the activities of national Non-government organization. • The necessity of co-operation between out national Non-government organization and those other countries to know the directions of and modern method in Kindergarten s. • It is necessary that the national Non-government organization encourage the individuals of the local society to participate in providing the needs of Kindergarten through parents sitting.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the usage of "self check” and “inclusion” teaching styles in physical education lessons on skill, knowledge and emotional development aspects in gymnastics and basketball units authorized for grade-1 in Riyadh intermediate schools. An experimental methodolgy was used. The researcher chose a control and 2 experimenal groups design. Data was collected from 127 grade-1 students selected randomly from three classes. The students were divided into three groups as follows: - The control group “N” = 42 students, where the "command ” teaching style was applied. - 1st experimental group “N1” = 44 students, where the "self check” teaching style was applied. - 2nd experimental group “N2” = 41 students, where the "inclusion” teaching style was applied. An instructional program composed of gymnastics 3 lessons, and 2 basketball lessons in were designed. Analysis of the anterior measurements revealed that all the three groups were homogeneous in all measurements, except in the gymnastics knowledge test. Analysis of post test data revealed that: 1. There were statistically significant differences between the three groups in skills measurement and in the “knowledge” and “emotional” measurements for gymnastics and basketball units. 2. There were statistically significant differences between the three groups to the advantage of the 2nd experimental group in the 2nd and 3rd skill measurements in both gymnastics and basket ball units and in the “knowledge” and “emotional” aspects measurements for gymnastics and basketball units. 3. There were statistically significant differences between the three groups to the advantage of the 1st experimental group in the “knowledge” and “emotional” measurements in gymnastics and basketball units. 4. There were statistically significant differences between the three groups to the advantage of the control group in the 1st, and 3rd skill measurements in the gymnastics unit. The results indicated that the three teaching styles used in this study contributed to the total development of students, with different levels. The researcher recommended the following: 1- To use the "command ” teaching style in physical education lessons in intermediate schools for it is approbriateness in teaching gymnastics in which success is determined by direct supervison from the instructional in teaching the skills units of gymnastics,which needs to be directed supervide by the teacher. 2-To use the "inclusion ” teaching style in physical education lessons in intermediate schools because of it is approbriateness in the skills units of gymnastics. 3-To use the "inclusion ” teaching style in physical education lessons in intermediate schools for teaching basketball content where it proved to be more effective because of it approbriatness combared to the " self check” and "command ” teaching styles in teaching the skills of basketball unit. 4-To use the " self check” teaching style in physical education lessons in intermediate schools because of it appropriatness in amproving the knowledge of basketball unit. 5-To use the "inclusion ” teaching style for with knowledge and emotional content because of the there effective on the those aspects.

Abstract: Effect of using reciprocal style in physical education lessons on selected developmental domains in third grade middle schools students in Riyadh city The purpose of the study was to examine effect of using reciprocal style in physical education lessons on selected developmental domains in third grade middle school students in Riyadh city. Subjects were 240 students randomly selected from middle schools in Riyadh city, and assigned to an experimental group consisted of 121 students, and control group consisted of 119 students.A teaching program consisted of two five - week units, one for soccer, and the other for long jump were designed for the study. The experimental group was taught by of using the reciprocal style and the control group was taught by using of the ordinary style. Variables consisted of ten measures, five of them for physical domains included Body Mass Index, flexibility, strength, muscular endurance, and cardiovascular fitness measured by 1600 meter run. Skills and cognitive domains were measured by two tests for each. Emotional domain was measured by a self-concept scale specially developed for this study. Pre data were collected before conducting the program and post data were collected at the end of the program. Data were analyzed using T-test and ANCOVA. Effect size and percent of changes from pre to post, were calculated. Results showed no significante differences between the two groups in pre data except for two variables that were analyzed using ANCOVA. Analyzing post data revealed significante differences between the two groups in one physical variable, two skills variables, one cognitive variables, and two skills variables. Experimental group was superior on the control group. It was concluded that reciprocal style was effective in teaching physical education and had positive effects on physical, skill, cognitive, and emotional domains.