الإنجليزية

ABSTRACT Femoral blood is preferable in post-mortem toxicological analysis but may not always be available. Alternative specimens such as cardiac blood, vitreous humour, stomach contents, bile, urine, hair, bone, liver and muscle may be used. However, only limited data are available for the interpretation of drug concentrations in these alternative specimens. The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of drugs in different body compartments in relation to levels in femoral blood and their toxicity. All post-mortem specimens from 95 subjects were provided by Professor M Tsokos, Institute of Legal Medicine, Germany. Ethanol was measured by gas chromatography, whilst other drugs of abuse were initially screened for by immunoassays (in blood, hair and bone by Cozart drug immunoassay kit; urine by cloned enzyme donor immunoassay). A general drug screen and confirmation was performed on all specimens using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and drug quantification was by high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Drug levels in femoral blood and median concentration ratios in relation to femoral blood (range) were as follows: ethanol 4-365mg/dL, median ratios for cardiac blood 1.9 (0.8:1-42.3:1), vitreous humour 1.6 (0.7:1-9.4:1), urine 6.5 (1.7:1-153:1) and bile 11.3 (1.0:1-34:1); for cocaine 5-2413ng/ml, median ratios for cardiac blood 1.2 (0.2:1-7.0:1), vitreous humour 1.4 (1.0:1-3.3:1), urine 4.9 (0.4:1->1000:1) and bile 7.0 (0.6:1-41.6:1); for methadone 7-1795 ng/ml, median ratios for cardiac blood 1.4 (0.6:1->3.9:1), vitreous humour 0.7 (0.04:1-0.99:1), urine 0.7 (0.3:1->3.9:1) and bile 2.9 (0.7:1->9.6:1); for morphine 7-1756 ng/ml, median ratios for cardiac blood 2.0 (0.9:1-11.5:1), vitreous humour 1.0 (0.4:1-18.5:1), urine 2.2 (0.1:1-56:1) and bile 24 (1.3:1 -> 195:1). Similarly, in liver and muscle for cocaine the median concentration ratio in ml/g was 0.2 (0.04:1-1.0:1) and 0.1 (0.1:1-2.5:1) respectively; for methadone 0.3 (0.2:1-<0.7:1) and 0.1 (0.05:1->0.7:1) respectively; and for morphine 0.6 (0.1:1- 1.6:1) and 0.3 (0.1:1-1.6:1) respectively. In the majority of cases there was a good correlation between femoral blood levels and the concentration in other body compartments. This study has added to our knowledge and understanding of the usefulness of using alternative post-mortem specimens to study the distribution of drugs of abuse in different body compartments and how the concentrations relate to femoral blood levels and toxicity

Cairo University Institute of Educational Studies Department of Curricula and Teaching Methods The Effectiveness of an Active Learning –Based- Strategy in Decreasing Psychological Burning and Developing Verbal Interaction Skills of Secondary Stage Psychology Teachers An M. A. Thesis Submitted to The Institute of Educational Studies, Cairo University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master Degree in Education, Curricula and Teaching Methods of Psychology. By Al-Kazafy Khalaf Abdel Wahab Social Specialist at The New Valley Faculty of Education, Assiut University, 2010 -------------------------------------------- Problem of research : Teaching is considered one of the most serving and pressing professions which lead to psychological pressures , teachers need support and help for the psychologically burnt teacher lacks classroom interaction in general and verbal interaction in particular , therefore , teachers should use an effective teaching strategy . many reviews of literature indicated that there was a relation ship between dictation method employed by the teacher and his affliction with psychological burning as well as lack of verbal interaction skills .this interaction will not be effective unless the learner has an active and positive role in educational situation . for the development of verbal interaction , it is supposed that the employed instruction strategies allow learners the chance to practice such an interaction . collective thinking strategy , one of collective instruction strategies , is a modern instructional strategy which appeared to keep pace with contemporary educational trends that call for the necessity of thinking education either through separate curriculum or actual curricula . such a strategy teachers allows teachers as well as learners the chance to exchange evaluate and develop thoughts . The problem of research arises out of the following : - the researcher's sense of the importance of decreasing psychological burning and developing verbal interaction skills of psychology teachers at the secondary stage . - several studies indicate that there was relationship between dictation a method of teaching and psychological burning . - a lot of reports and sites visit showed that psychology teachers at secondary schools who lack instruction skills tend to adopt dictation method in teaching . - the results of the questionnaire conducted by the researcher to psychology teachers face psychological pressure logy teachers to identify the most important psychology problems that face in teaching as a result the research problem lies in the idea that psychology teachers face psychological pressures in class room and lack verbal interaction skills for adopting dictation method in teaching . this method may not only cause a lot of troubles for learners , but also have negative effects on them . for that reason , the research in question , addresses the effectiveness of a strategy based on active learning in decreasing psychological burning and developing verbal interaction skills of psychological teachers at the secondary stage . therefore, the main question of the research is ( what is the effectiveness of a strategy based on active learning in decreasing psychological burning and developing verbal in interaction skills of psychology teachers at the secondary stage? to answer this question , the research should answer the following sub questions : 1- what is the effectiveness of collective thinking strategy in decreasing psychological burning of psychology teachers at secondary school ? 2- what is the effectiveness of collective thinking strategy in developing verbal interaction skills of psychology teachers at secondary school ? Purpose of research : The research aimed at identifying the effect of collective thinking strategy , one of active learning strategies on teaching psychology at general secondary school , decreasing psychological burning and developing verbal interaction skills of psychology teachers at the secondary stage . Importance of research : The importance of research lies in the following : First : theoretical significance : it offered theoretical content about collective thinking strategy . Second : practical significance : - he presented a list of verbal interaction skills for psychology teachers at general secondary schools . - it presented psychological burning questionnaire as a useful means to discover psychological burning for psychology teachers at general secondary schools . - it helped curriculum planners and developers in preparing that content of psychology in terms of collective thinking strategy . - it revealed the important role of collective thinking strategy in decreasing psychological burning and developing verbal interaction skills of psychology teachers at the secondary stage. - Research limitation : - The sample research was limited to psychology teachers at general secondary school . - The research was conducted in a period of time lasted from December 2009 to march 2010 - General secondary schools at the new valley governorate ( where the research works ) . Methods of research : Descriptive research : for writing theoretical content . Semi experimental method : for applying the research experiment to teachers . Sample of research : it consisted of (30) male and female psychology teachers whose ages range from 24-44 years , selected from general secondary schools at the new valley governorate to represent both control and experimental groups – teachers are divided into (15) less experienced , (15) more experienced . Tools of research : ( prepared by the researcher ) - psychological burning questionnaire . - observation card of verbal interaction skills . - a guide of training program describing how to use collective thinking strategy in teaching psychology . - teacher's guide for helping teachers how to use that strategy in their instruction of psychology . Results of research : Research Hypothesis : 1- There is passive relationship between teacher's marks at psychological burning questionnaire and their marks at verbal interaction skills card . 2- There is a statistic difference at psychological burning between the average marks of experimental group in pre and post application for post application . 3- There is a statistic difference at verbal interaction skills between the marks of experimental group in pre and post application for post application . 4- There is a statistics difference between males and females at psychological burning for males . 5- There is statistic difference between less experienced and more experienced teachers at psychological burning for less experienced ones . 6- There is statistic difference between males and females at verbal interaction skills for females . 7- There is a statistic difference between less experienced and more experienced teachers at verbal interaction skills for the more experienced ones .

A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a direct communication pathway between a human brain and an external device. In other words, a BCI allows users to act on their environment by using only brain activity, without using peripheral nerves and muscles. In BCI there are many paradigms; one of them is P300 which occurs in response to a significant but low-probability event. BCI data is considered to be high in their dimensionalities which reduce the system performance. Feature selection is a dimensionality reduction technique. Feature selection techniques study how to select a subset of features that enhance the performance of the system. The reason behind using feature selection techniques include reducing dimensionality, removing irrelevant and redundant features, reducing the amount of data needed for learning, and improving algorithms’ predictive accuracy. In this thesis, three types of feature selection techniques are compared and applied. These types are filter, wrapper, and hybrid. Fisher score, Determination Coefficient (r2), Regularized Fisher Linear Discriminant (RFLD), and Bayesian Linear Discriminant Analysis (BLDA) were used as evaluation functions. Differential Evolution (DE) optimization technique was used as searching technique. Two datasets were used to evaluate the results. Filter types were the preferred to be selected as feature selection method for P300 based BCI, in particular r2. This is due to the good reduction in dimension 64.8% and low computational cost 6.75ms. The time required for training and testing the classifier was improved by 83.62%.

Researcher: Hania Mahmoud Ali Mahmoud Title:The Effectiveness of the sugeistion Program for the Development of Some Economic Values for Kindergarten Child by Using Active Learning. Supervisors: Prof. Mona Mohammed Ali Gad, Dr. Ashraf Mohammed Taha, Dr. Mohammed Abdel-Aziz Mansour Scientific Degree: Ph.D in Education Ph.D Degree in Education (Child Education) Granting Faculty: The New Valley Faculty of Education – Assiut University Date : 2013-1434. Objective of study: The study aimed to preparing program for developing some economical values through active learning for kg. child. Tools: For achieving study objectives the researcher has prepared the following tools: 1. List of economical values necessary for kg. child prepared by the researcher. 2. Measurement of economical necessary for kg child 3. program for developing some economical values. to kg. child by using active learning prepared by the researcher. The group of research has been selected amongst children of second level "kg2" their number is (35) children (male and female) in a kg school in Assiut Educational Directorate. Results: the study results showed the effectiveness of program in developing some economical values in kg children (study group) as the ratio is higher than one and this ratio is educationally accepted. In the light of these results the study has recommended some recommendations as follows. - Resorting to some educational programs based on activities in developing economical values. - Introducing economical values and concepts in kg syllabi and teaching them to children. - Necessity of applying active learning in Egyptian kg s in children education. - Encouraging teachers of children kg in using strategies of various active learning with children.

Abstract Al-Soufi, Najeeb Abdulwahid Mohammed. (2010). The Role of The English Language Supervisors in Enhancing The Teachers' Linguistic Competence and Practices as perceived by EFL Teachers in Yemeni Public Secondary Schools: Teachers' Perceptions. Master Thesis, Yarmouk University. (Supervisor: Prof. Fawwaz Al-Abed Al-Haq) Key Words: Yemeni, Role, supervisors, English language, EFL, teachers, practices, competence and linguistic. This study aimed at assessing teachers’ perceptions of EFL supervisors' role in enhancing teachers' linguistic competence and practices in Yemeni public secondary schools based on the perceptions of EFL teachers. The study also investigated the effect of the respondents’ gender and experience on their perceptions. This study attempted to answer the following questions: 1. What is the role of EFL supervisors in enhancing the teachers' linguistic competence and practices as perceived by EFL teachers in Yemeni public secondary schools? 2. To what extent are the EFL teachers' perceptions of the supervisors' roles in enhancing teachers' linguistic competence and practices in Yemeni public secondary schools affected by the teachers' gender and experience? 3. Is there any congruence between the teachers' perceptions concerning the supervisors' role and the supervisors' actual practices when they visit their teachers? 4. What do EFL supervisors and teachers suggest in order to improve EFL teachers' performance in Yemeni public secondary schools? The sample of the study consisted of all male and female EFL teachers of public secondary schools for the scholastic year 2008/2009 in Secretariat of the Capital Sana'a. The number of EFL teachers who responded to the questionnaire was 323 male and female teachers. The subjects of the study responded to a researcher’s designed questionnaire which consisted of 42 items distributed to seven supervisory domains. The same items of the questionnaire are reproduced as an observational checklist used by the researcher to record his observations of the supervisors' performances on visits to teachers, and there is an open-ended question for teachers and supervisors. In answering the questions of the study, the means, standard deviations, ANOVA and percentages of the responses were calculated and analyzed. Findings of the study indicated the following: 1. The EFL teachers ranked the role of the EFL supervisor as "middle" on the total domain which means that EFL supervisors did not follow satisfactory methods in their supervision. 2. There were differences within the teachers' perceptions due to gender in favor of the female teachers. 3. There were differences within the teachers’ perceptions due to experience in favor of teachers of ten years and more experience. 4. There was a high congruence between the viewpoint of teachers and the researcher's observational checklists in all domains except the training sessions domain where it was low. Based on the results of this study, the researcher suggests that there be an urgent need for policy-makers, researchers, supervisors and teachers to reframe their ideas about teaching in a way that serves the development of teaching at all levels. Finally, the researcher recommends that similar studies be conducted in other Yemeni cities.

Abstract In this paper, it is obvious show how current technological trends may lead to present the employing of mobile agents in Internet services because of Use of the Internet has exploded in recent years with the appearance of the World- Wide Web, and also It seems likely that, within a few years, nearly all major will be capable of hosting and willing to host some form of mobile code or mobile agents and it is also contributes towards such an evaluation and implements an Internet services using mobile agents. This paper also summarizes the advantages and disadvantages that arise in using these technological trends and discussed some of the trend deployment of mobile agent systems in internet services. It is also discuss other experiences on integrating components internet sites and applications, enabling them to receive and send agents with critical evolutionary and requirements of team work. However other experiences approach involves wrapping the components inside a Java that can be included in any internet services enables the servers to receive and send agents that can query of information. We discuss several technical and nontechnical hurdles along the path to that eventuality. A few years, nearly all major Internet sites will be capable of hosting and willing to host some form of mobile code or mobile agents. Keywords: mobile agents, internet services, Advantage of employing (MAs).

Abstract—This paper examines MC enabling technologies and their impact on the success of MC systems in Cosay Company by using System Dynamics analyzing. It also demonstrated the effect of technology on the level of customization and production volume. This paper shows how technology contributes in the handling of the customers, the realization of the product or service, and the coordination between those two sides, which is a vital element to the success of an MC system. It has been found from the system dynamics model that the company's information system plays a major role in linking and coordinating the different sides of the MC cycle and also has a valuable input in market research and development. Index Terms—Mass customization cycle, system dynamic, case study.

The Univers and Elementary Particles in Physic Foreword: Related to particle physics basic fundamental constituents of matter and their interactions, which was completed in the past few decades enormous amount of empirical information accumulated, and many patterns, and a competent methodology ,which developed theories were observed mathematically proven successful and distinctive with respect to magnetic interactions and the weak and the strong. Has developed these theories tested and high mathematical formulas. , And which are collectively known as the standard model or standard Standard Model Theory, and gave almost certainly correct description of the nature, and rounding first, and reached down to measure the distance (1000/1) of the size of the nucleus of an atom. There are also conflicting. There are encouraging developments to try to unite these interactions in its basic framework, despite being simple, even for a merge gravity Alkmoah in or parameter (the theory include everything). In this issue we highlight the ways in which they have been organizing information, and outline for the standard model and its extensions possible.

The Summary That God Almighty human generosity and grace to many of his creation, And forbade Aptmalh the same and the same infringement and sanctities dead or alive, and was one of the purposes of legislation Islamic Remember self- . And a departure from the principle of Sanctity Prejudice to the body, The Permitted Islam Prejudice to the body In positions Of necessity, which allows this prejudice, and what was the most prominent texts that explicitly cut Basis Upon which the theory of necessity in Islamic law ((not Damage and No Fault basis), If the Was It Thus legally be disposed in the body of the deceased man must know the Altec J In the legal and whether it is the human body or of the things about the legalization of money disposed of, and can be invoked as long as the merchandise sent out so good for dealing between the Individuals . And where No No express provision in the Qur\\\\\\\'an or in law, denies deal but that the cause of the flesh and spirit to access and degrees of sophistication sublimation is to put the body in the service of Bari, the Almighty. And one of these services is to save much of the other side of an excess of the body, which is doing to others to enjoy it and get rid of the parameters of a lack of certain death in the physical configuration or delicate situation where it can be left to the particular aspect. Through this can be reached that this license is to work on the principle of \\\\\\\"use and benefit.\\\\\\\" This is because the principle is The final conclusion and the actual subject of research, which began his career among the books in the deep knowledge of the human body or of things Of the money that is better proof that it funds. Here was our choice for this study under the title (adaptation of a body of legal rights) and the two sections which Ksmnah In addition An introduction and a conclusion, as we will discuss in Section First Possibility of As a body of human things. In the second section as the body Man Of Money .